Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear every Test.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Complete each Speed Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.