Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 24.
Recurse through the story.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Complete each Planning Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.