Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Complete each Speed Test.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Achieve User Level 16.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete each Stability Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.