Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Complete each Speed Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear every Test.
Recurse through the story.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Achieve User Level 24.