Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Speed Test.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete each Stability Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.