Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Achieve User Level 24.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Complete each Speed Test.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Clear one of each Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete each Stability Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.