Here is the full list of all 24 SteamWorld Dig achievements. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Get all four gold stars in the same playthrough.
Maximize all upgrades.
Complete the game without getting killed once.
Dig out 15000 tiles.
Destroy two generators before entering Vectron.
Complete the game in less than 2 hours, 30 minutes.
Complete the game with more than 20000 gold collected in total.
Find all secret areas in the caves.
Destroy a laser box.
Defeat 10 mecha trilobites before they wake up.
Complete the game with more than 150 orbs collected in total.
Find and sell 16 Dark Matter ores at the same time.
Crush 10 enemies with falling blocks.
Find and sell 8 Uranium ores at the same time.
Find and sell 8 Trashium ores at the same time.
Reach the bottom of the world.
Immortalization of a destructible steambot.
Buy from all of Tumbleton's shops.
You found Vectron!
Defeat 10 shiners before they wake up.
You found the Old World!
Defeat a turtle submerged in water.
Defeat 10 trilobites before they wake up.
You found Archaea!