Here is the full list of all 24 SteamWorld Dig achievements. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Find all secret areas in the caves.
Dig out 15000 tiles.
Complete the game with more than 150 orbs collected in total.
Get all four gold stars in the same playthrough.
Complete the game in less than 2 hours, 30 minutes.
Find and sell 16 Dark Matter ores at the same time.
Find and sell 8 Uranium ores at the same time.
Complete the game with more than 20000 gold collected in total.
Complete the game without getting killed once.
Destroy two generators before entering Vectron.
Defeat a turtle submerged in water.
Maximize all upgrades.
Defeat 10 mecha trilobites before they wake up.
Crush 10 enemies with falling blocks.
Immortalization of a destructible steambot.
Buy from all of Tumbleton's shops.
Destroy a laser box.
Reach the bottom of the world.
You found Vectron!
Defeat 10 shiners before they wake up.
You found the Old World!
Defeat 10 trilobites before they wake up.
Find and sell 8 Trashium ores at the same time.
You found Archaea!