Here is the full list of all 51 Starbound achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Move a planet's worth of blocks. If you weren't using a Matter Manipulator you'd be ripped.
Complete the Cosmic Museum's cosmic collection.
Become champion of the arena. Crush your foes like an orange sorbet.
Defeat the Ruin.
Return the Baron to the outpost.
Collect at least 50 unique action figures. Insist to your friends they're actually called statuettes.
Return Lana Blake to the outpost.
Complete 50 quests for your colonists. When did this become your full time job?
Find 100 unique codex items. Study them all, prepare for a pop quiz.
Catch 42 unique bugs. Give them all funny names.
Unearth 55 unique fossils. Try not to pay attention to the ones that are alarmingly humanoid.
Complete 25 quests for your colonists. These guys sure do ask a lot of you don't they...
Collect 210 unique pieces of armour. See how many you can wear at the same time. (Spoiler, it's 3).
Complete 10 quests for your colonists. Feel like an asset to the community!
Attract 10 unique tenants. Marvel at their collective peculiarity.
Build a large colony. Well done Protector!
Build 5 homes in a very small space. This isn't a healthy way for anyone to live.
Obtain a complete alpaca costume. Use it only for good!
Harvest 30 unique crops. Start thinking about who you'd like to romance and that barn extension.
Kill 100 small flying monsters. They had it coming.
Kill another player. Unity is overrated anyway.
Restore a complete fossil. Make wild assumptions about what it used to be.
Prepare at least 100 unique dishes. Bonus points if they're edible.
Obtain the mythical perfectly generic item.
Complete Mazebound. You only need to beat it 300,000 times to win a slide whistle.
Capture your first bug with a bug net. Esther would be proud.
Obtain a cool vehicle. Pop some sweet wheelies.
Defeat the Shockhopper MK I. Notice it rarely hops.
Collect your first musical instrument! Keep playing, even when everyone begs you to stop.
Practice your chef skills. Try not to harm anyone.
Attract your first colonist. Make sure you treat them right.
Capture a monster. How does it fit in that tiny ball?
Find a Codex. On Earth it's rude to read other people's diaries.
Augment your EPP. Now it's an AEPP.
Return Tonauac to the outpost.
Return Koichi to the outpost.
Return Nuru to the outpost.
Fix your ship.
Survive the Protectorate. It could have been worse.
Meet Esther.
Recruit one crew member from every race. It's like a teeny tiny protectorate.
Destroy a robot chicken. Don't try to eat it.
Defeat Mother Poptop. Every Poptop you meet from here on out is a lonely orphan.
Defeat the dastardly Dreadwing. Bring joy to penguins everywhere.
Incapacitate an innocent bystander. You monster.
Obtain an entire set of armour. Now use dye to make your armour fabulous.
Harvest a crop. See what happens when you eat it.
Recruit at least 12 crew members. Consider starting a pension plan.
Recruit a penguin mercenary from the Beakeasy.
Recruit your first crew member. Captain!
Complete a quest! Joke's on you, there isn't any XP in this game.