Here is the full list of all 51 Starbound achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Move a planet's worth of blocks. If you weren't using a Matter Manipulator you'd be ripped.
Recruit one crew member from every race. It's like a teeny tiny protectorate.
Complete 50 quests for your colonists. When did this become your full time job?
Complete 25 quests for your colonists. These guys sure do ask a lot of you don't they...
Complete 10 quests for your colonists. Feel like an asset to the community!
Kill 100 small flying monsters. They had it coming.
Prepare at least 100 unique dishes. Bonus points if they're edible.
Harvest 30 unique crops. Start thinking about who you'd like to romance and that barn extension.
Unearth 55 unique fossils. Try not to pay attention to the ones that are alarmingly humanoid.
Restore a complete fossil. Make wild assumptions about what it used to be.
Kill another player. Unity is overrated anyway.
Incapacitate an innocent bystander. You monster.
Collect 210 unique pieces of armour. See how many you can wear at the same time. (Spoiler, it's 3).
Attract 10 unique tenants. Marvel at their collective peculiarity.
Recruit at least 12 crew members. Consider starting a pension plan.
Capture a monster. How does it fit in that tiny ball?
Complete the Cosmic Museum's cosmic collection.
Build a large colony. Well done Protector!
Become champion of the arena. Crush your foes like an orange sorbet.
Defeat the Ruin.
Return the Baron to the outpost.
Find 100 unique codex items. Study them all, prepare for a pop quiz.
Build 5 homes in a very small space. This isn't a healthy way for anyone to live.
Catch 42 unique bugs. Give them all funny names.
Collect at least 50 unique action figures. Insist to your friends they're actually called statuettes.
Obtain a cool vehicle. Pop some sweet wheelies.
Complete Mazebound. You only need to beat it 300,000 times to win a slide whistle.
Return Lana Blake to the outpost.
Obtain a complete alpaca costume. Use it only for good!
Return Tonauac to the outpost.
Obtain the mythical perfectly generic item.
Return Koichi to the outpost.
Recruit a penguin mercenary from the Beakeasy.
Defeat the Shockhopper MK I. Notice it rarely hops.
Defeat the dastardly Dreadwing. Bring joy to penguins everywhere.
Return Nuru to the outpost.
Destroy a robot chicken. Don't try to eat it.
Attract your first colonist. Make sure you treat them right.
Recruit your first crew member. Captain!
Defeat Mother Poptop. Every Poptop you meet from here on out is a lonely orphan.
Augment your EPP. Now it's an AEPP.
Collect your first musical instrument! Keep playing, even when everyone begs you to stop.
Fix your ship.
Find a Codex. On Earth it's rude to read other people's diaries.
Obtain an entire set of armour. Now use dye to make your armour fabulous.
Capture your first bug with a bug net. Esther would be proud.
Practice your chef skills. Try not to harm anyone.
Meet Esther.
Harvest a crop. See what happens when you eat it.
Complete a quest! Joke's on you, there isn't any XP in this game.
Survive the Protectorate. It could have been worse.