Here is the full list of all 51 Starbound achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete 50 quests for your colonists. When did this become your full time job?
Complete 25 quests for your colonists. These guys sure do ask a lot of you don't they...
Complete 10 quests for your colonists. Feel like an asset to the community!
Complete the Cosmic Museum's cosmic collection.
Find 100 unique codex items. Study them all, prepare for a pop quiz.
Prepare at least 100 unique dishes. Bonus points if they're edible.
Harvest 30 unique crops. Start thinking about who you'd like to romance and that barn extension.
Collect at least 50 unique action figures. Insist to your friends they're actually called statuettes.
Unearth 55 unique fossils. Try not to pay attention to the ones that are alarmingly humanoid.
Catch 42 unique bugs. Give them all funny names.
Collect 210 unique pieces of armour. See how many you can wear at the same time. (Spoiler, it's 3).
Build a large colony. Well done Protector!
Attract 10 unique tenants. Marvel at their collective peculiarity.
Build 5 homes in a very small space. This isn't a healthy way for anyone to live.
Attract your first colonist. Make sure you treat them right.
Kill 100 small flying monsters. They had it coming.
Defeat Mother Poptop. Every Poptop you meet from here on out is a lonely orphan.
Obtain a complete alpaca costume. Use it only for good!
Restore a complete fossil. Make wild assumptions about what it used to be.
Obtain the mythical perfectly generic item.
Capture your first bug with a bug net. Esther would be proud.
Destroy a robot chicken. Don't try to eat it.
Complete Mazebound. You only need to beat it 300,000 times to win a slide whistle.
Capture a monster. How does it fit in that tiny ball?
Move a planet's worth of blocks. If you weren't using a Matter Manipulator you'd be ripped.
Incapacitate an innocent bystander. You monster.
Augment your EPP. Now it's an AEPP.
Collect your first musical instrument! Keep playing, even when everyone begs you to stop.
Practice your chef skills. Try not to harm anyone.
Recruit a penguin mercenary from the Beakeasy.
Become champion of the arena. Crush your foes like an orange sorbet.
Recruit at least 12 crew members. Consider starting a pension plan.
Recruit one crew member from every race. It's like a teeny tiny protectorate.
Recruit your first crew member. Captain!
Defeat the Shockhopper MK I. Notice it rarely hops.
Defeat the dastardly Dreadwing. Bring joy to penguins everywhere.
Defeat the Ruin.
Find a Codex. On Earth it's rude to read other people's diaries.
Return the Baron to the outpost.
Return Lana Blake to the outpost.
Return Tonauac to the outpost.
Return Koichi to the outpost.
Return Nuru to the outpost.
Fix your ship.
Meet Esther.
Obtain a cool vehicle. Pop some sweet wheelies.
Harvest a crop. See what happens when you eat it.
Obtain an entire set of armour. Now use dye to make your armour fabulous.
Kill another player. Unity is overrated anyway.
Complete a quest! Joke's on you, there isn't any XP in this game.
Survive the Protectorate. It could have been worse.