Here is the full list of all 51 Starbound achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Find 100 unique codex items. Study them all, prepare for a pop quiz.
Unearth 55 unique fossils. Try not to pay attention to the ones that are alarmingly humanoid.
Collect at least 50 unique action figures. Insist to your friends they're actually called statuettes.
Move a planet's worth of blocks. If you weren't using a Matter Manipulator you'd be ripped.
Catch 42 unique bugs. Give them all funny names.
Collect 210 unique pieces of armour. See how many you can wear at the same time. (Spoiler, it's 3).
Attract 10 unique tenants. Marvel at their collective peculiarity.
Complete 50 quests for your colonists. When did this become your full time job?
Complete 25 quests for your colonists. These guys sure do ask a lot of you don't they...
Complete 10 quests for your colonists. Feel like an asset to the community!
Kill 100 small flying monsters. They had it coming.
Obtain a complete alpaca costume. Use it only for good!
Destroy a robot chicken. Don't try to eat it.
Prepare at least 100 unique dishes. Bonus points if they're edible.
Complete the Cosmic Museum's cosmic collection.
Recruit one crew member from every race. It's like a teeny tiny protectorate.
Restore a complete fossil. Make wild assumptions about what it used to be.
Recruit at least 12 crew members. Consider starting a pension plan.
Defeat Mother Poptop. Every Poptop you meet from here on out is a lonely orphan.
Incapacitate an innocent bystander. You monster.
Build a large colony. Well done Protector!
Harvest 30 unique crops. Start thinking about who you'd like to romance and that barn extension.
Obtain the mythical perfectly generic item.
Build 5 homes in a very small space. This isn't a healthy way for anyone to live.
Attract your first colonist. Make sure you treat them right.
Capture your first bug with a bug net. Esther would be proud.
Capture a monster. How does it fit in that tiny ball?
Obtain a cool vehicle. Pop some sweet wheelies.
Complete Mazebound. You only need to beat it 300,000 times to win a slide whistle.
Recruit a penguin mercenary from the Beakeasy.
Defeat the dastardly Dreadwing. Bring joy to penguins everywhere.
Defeat the Shockhopper MK I. Notice it rarely hops.
Defeat the Ruin.
Become champion of the arena. Crush your foes like an orange sorbet.
Return the Baron to the outpost.
Return Lana Blake to the outpost.
Obtain an entire set of armour. Now use dye to make your armour fabulous.
Return Tonauac to the outpost.
Return Koichi to the outpost.
Augment your EPP. Now it's an AEPP.
Collect your first musical instrument! Keep playing, even when everyone begs you to stop.
Return Nuru to the outpost.
Recruit your first crew member. Captain!
Fix your ship.
Find a Codex. On Earth it's rude to read other people's diaries.
Meet Esther.
Practice your chef skills. Try not to harm anyone.
Kill another player. Unity is overrated anyway.
Harvest a crop. See what happens when you eat it.
Complete a quest! Joke's on you, there isn't any XP in this game.
Survive the Protectorate. It could have been worse.