Here is the full list of all 51 Starbound achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Kill another player. Unity is overrated anyway.
Complete Mazebound. You only need to beat it 300,000 times to win a slide whistle.
Return the Baron to the outpost.
Defeat the Ruin.
Recruit one crew member from every race. It's like a teeny tiny protectorate.
Destroy a robot chicken. Don't try to eat it.
Defeat Mother Poptop. Every Poptop you meet from here on out is a lonely orphan.
Defeat the dastardly Dreadwing. Bring joy to penguins everywhere.
Defeat the Shockhopper MK I. Notice it rarely hops.
Complete 50 quests for your colonists. When did this become your full time job?
Incapacitate an innocent bystander. You monster.
Build 5 homes in a very small space. This isn't a healthy way for anyone to live.
Kill 100 small flying monsters. They had it coming.
Move a planet's worth of blocks. If you weren't using a Matter Manipulator you'd be ripped.
Catch 42 unique bugs. Give them all funny names.
Prepare at least 100 unique dishes. Bonus points if they're edible.
Collect at least 50 unique action figures. Insist to your friends they're actually called statuettes.
Collect 210 unique pieces of armour. See how many you can wear at the same time. (Spoiler, it's 3).
Find 100 unique codex items. Study them all, prepare for a pop quiz.
Attract 10 unique tenants. Marvel at their collective peculiarity.
Obtain a complete alpaca costume. Use it only for good!
Recruit at least 12 crew members. Consider starting a pension plan.
Complete the Cosmic Museum's cosmic collection.
Complete 25 quests for your colonists. These guys sure do ask a lot of you don't they...
Unearth 55 unique fossils. Try not to pay attention to the ones that are alarmingly humanoid.
Restore a complete fossil. Make wild assumptions about what it used to be.
Complete 10 quests for your colonists. Feel like an asset to the community!
Harvest 30 unique crops. Start thinking about who you'd like to romance and that barn extension.
Build a large colony. Well done Protector!
Attract your first colonist. Make sure you treat them right.
Obtain a cool vehicle. Pop some sweet wheelies.
Capture a monster. How does it fit in that tiny ball?
Return Lana Blake to the outpost.
Recruit a penguin mercenary from the Beakeasy.
Become champion of the arena. Crush your foes like an orange sorbet.
Return Tonauac to the outpost.
Return Koichi to the outpost.
Obtain the mythical perfectly generic item.
Augment your EPP. Now it's an AEPP.
Return Nuru to the outpost.
Collect your first musical instrument! Keep playing, even when everyone begs you to stop.
Capture your first bug with a bug net. Esther would be proud.
Practice your chef skills. Try not to harm anyone.
Recruit your first crew member. Captain!
Fix your ship.
Obtain an entire set of armour. Now use dye to make your armour fabulous.
Find a Codex. On Earth it's rude to read other people's diaries.
Meet Esther.
Harvest a crop. See what happens when you eat it.
Complete a quest! Joke's on you, there isn't any XP in this game.
Survive the Protectorate. It could have been worse.