Here is the full list of all 20 Spelunky achievements. It takes around 100-120 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Rescue all 16 hidden characters.
Complete 100% of the journal.
Complete the game without collecting any treasure. No shortcuts.
Complete the game in under 8 minutes. No shortcuts.
Obtain 500,000 gold.
Rescue 10 or more damsels in one game.
Complete the game with at least two players alive. No shortcuts.
Complete the game the hard way.
Reach the City of Gold.
Play Adventure Mode 1000 times.
Complete the game.
Complete the game without using shortcuts.
Kill 12 or more shopkeepers in one game.
Win the kapala from Kali.
Reach the Temple.
Reach the Ice Caves.
Obtain the Ankh.
Complete 50% of the journal.
Reach the Jungle.
Beat the Tutorial.