Here is the full list of all 18 Sheltered achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Take the RV out on an expedition
Collect all 10 tools (on a single game)
Trap 100 animals on the shelter surface (cumulatively)
Travel 1000 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Search 200 locations (cumulatively)
Survive 100 days
Travel 500 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Subdue an enemy in combat
Fully upgrade all systems
Have 5 or more plant stations in the shelter
Grow and harvest a plant from the plant station
Win combat using a gun
Trap an animal on the shelter surface
Fully upgrade a system
Travel 100 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Survive a week
Craft your first object/item
Upgrade a system once