Here is the full list of all 18 Sheltered achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Fully upgrade all systems
Collect all 10 tools (on a single game)
Fully upgrade a system
Have 5 or more plant stations in the shelter
Win combat using a gun
Take the RV out on an expedition
Trap 100 animals on the shelter surface (cumulatively)
Survive 100 days
Grow and harvest a plant from the plant station
Travel 1000 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Travel 500 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Subdue an enemy in combat
Search 200 locations (cumulatively)
Travel 100 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Survive a week
Trap an animal on the shelter surface
Craft your first object/item
Upgrade a system once