Here is the full list of all 18 Sheltered achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Subdue an enemy in combat
Trap 100 animals on the shelter surface (cumulatively)
Fully upgrade all systems
Win combat using a gun
Fully upgrade a system
Collect all 10 tools (on a single game)
Have 5 or more plant stations in the shelter
Grow and harvest a plant from the plant station
Travel 1000 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Take the RV out on an expedition
Survive 100 days
Search 200 locations (cumulatively)
Travel 500 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Travel 100 miles (cumulatively) on the map
Trap an animal on the shelter surface
Survive a week
Craft your first object/item
Upgrade a system once