Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Gain a moment of peace
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Open the Locked Door
Defeat Algos' final form
Finish Act 3
Complete all House sequences
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Calculated Risk
Defeat Ixion
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Defeat Phrike
Returned by an Artifact
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Complete the first House sequence
Scan a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row