Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Collect all main Achievements
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Gain a moment of peace
Finish Act 3
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Complete all House sequences
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Open the Locked Door
Defeat Algos' final form
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Finish Calculated Risk
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Defeat Phrike
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Returned by an Artifact
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Complete the first House sequence
Scan a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death