Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Collect all main Achievements
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Gain a moment of peace
Open the Locked Door
Defeat Algos' final form
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Act 3
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Die and return in the Tower
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Calculated Risk
Complete all House sequences
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Defeat Hyperion
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Returned by an Artifact
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Defeat Phrike
Complete the first House sequence
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Scan a Xenoglyph
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Experience a new cycle after death