Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Returned by an Artifact
Gain a moment of peace
Open the Locked Door
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Act 3
Complete all House sequences
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Defeat Algos' final form
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Experience a new cycle after death
Die and return in the Tower
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Finish Calculated Risk
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Defeat Phrike
Complete the first House sequence
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Scan a Xenoglyph
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row