Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Gain a moment of peace
Finish Act 3
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Complete all House sequences
Open the Locked Door
Defeat Algos' final form
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Hyperion
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Finish Calculated Risk
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Returned by an Artifact
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Defeat Phrike
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Scan a Xenoglyph
Complete the first House sequence
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level