Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Gain a moment of peace
Open the Locked Door
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Defeat Algos' final form
Finish Act 3
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Complete all House sequences
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Finish Calculated Risk
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Defeat Ixion
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Defeat Phrike
Returned by an Artifact
Complete the first House sequence
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Scan a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death