Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Gain a moment of peace
Defeat Algos' final form
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Open the Locked Door
Defeat Algos' first form
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Act 3
Complete all House sequences
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Finish Calculated Risk
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Defeat Phrike
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Returned by an Artifact
Complete the first House sequence
Scan a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death