Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Gain a moment of peace
Finish Act 3
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Complete all House sequences
Defeat Algos' final form
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Open the Locked Door
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Defeat Hyperion
Defeat Nemesis
Finish Act 1
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Defeat Algos' first form
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Defeat Ixion
Finish Calculated Risk
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Defeat Phrike
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Returned by an Artifact
Complete the first House sequence
Scan a Xenoglyph
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Experience a new cycle after death