Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Gain a moment of peace
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Open the Locked Door
Defeat Algos' final form
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Act 3
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Complete all House sequences
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Defeat Ixion
Finish Calculated Risk
Defeat Phrike
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Returned by an Artifact
Scan a Xenoglyph
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Complete the first House sequence
Experience a new cycle after death