Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Collect all main Achievements
Gain a moment of peace
Open the Locked Door
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Defeat Algos' final form
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Act 3
Complete all House sequences
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Defeat Ixion
Finish Calculated Risk
Defeat Phrike
Returned by an Artifact
Complete the first House sequence
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Scan a Xenoglyph
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Experience a new cycle after death
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level