Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Scan a Xenoglyph
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Experience a new cycle after death
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Defeat Phrike
Defeat Ixion
Defeat Nemesis
Defeat Hyperion
Defeat Ophion
Finish Act 1
Finish Act 2
Finish Act 3
Returned by an Artifact
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Finish Calculated Risk
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Complete the first House sequence
Complete all House sequences
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Collect all main Achievements
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Defeat Algos' final form
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Open the Locked Door
Gain a moment of peace