Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Defeat Ixion
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Defeat Phrike
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Returned by an Artifact
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Complete the first House sequence
Scan a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Finish Act 3
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Calculated Risk
Complete all House sequences
Collect all main Achievements
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Defeat Algos' final form
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Open the Locked Door
Gain a moment of peace