Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Act 3
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Complete all House sequences
Open the Locked Door
Defeat Algos' final form
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Finish Calculated Risk
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Hyperion
Defeat Nemesis
Finish Act 1
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Returned by an Artifact
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Defeat Phrike
Complete the first House sequence
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Scan a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Gain a moment of peace