Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Hyperion
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Finish Calculated Risk
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Defeat Phrike
Returned by an Artifact
Complete the first House sequence
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Scan a Xenoglyph
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Experience a new cycle after death
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Defeat Ophion
Finish Act 2
Finish Act 3
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Complete all House sequences
Collect all main Achievements
Defeat Algos' final form
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Open the Locked Door
Gain a moment of peace