Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Act 3
Gain a moment of peace
Open the Locked Door
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Complete all House sequences
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Defeat Algos' final form
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Finish Calculated Risk
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Defeat Ixion
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Returned by an Artifact
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Defeat Phrike
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Complete the first House sequence
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Scan a Xenoglyph
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Experience a new cycle after death