Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Collect all main Achievements
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Gain a moment of peace
Open the Locked Door
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Finish Act 3
Complete all House sequences
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Algos' final form
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Algos' first form
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Defeat Hyperion
Finish Act 1
Defeat Nemesis
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Defeat Ixion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Complete the first House sequence
Finish Calculated Risk
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Defeat Phrike
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Returned by an Artifact
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Scan a Xenoglyph
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Experience a new cycle after death