Here is the full list of all 38 Returnal achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish Abyssal Scar Survey
Collect all main Achievements
Finish Fractured Wastes Survey
Finish Crimson Wastes Survey
Finish Derelict Citadel Survey
Complete a daily challenge in Simulation Mode
Finish Overgrown Ruins Survey
Finish Echoing Ruins Survey
Gain a moment of peace
Defeat Algos' final form
Finish Act 3
Complete all House sequences
Kill 100 Hostiles with Disgorgers
Open the Locked Door
Achieve Weapon Proficiency level 30
Defeat Algos' first form
Finish Act 2
Defeat Ophion
Defeat Hyperion
Achieve 200% Max Integrity
Complete a Xeno-archive set (excluding Tower of Sisyphus)
Complete the first Hospital sequence
Die and return in the Tower
Defeat Ixion
Finish Calculated Risk
Defeat Phrike
Have 5 Parasites simultaneously
Retrieve 10 Scout Logs
Returned by an Artifact
Unlock all translation tiers of a Xenoglyph
Learn the basics of survival on Atropos
Complete the first House sequence
Achieve maximum Adrenaline Level
Perform 5 successful Overloads in a row
Scan a Xenoglyph
Experience a new cycle after death
Defeat Nemesis
Finish Act 1