Here is the full list of all 15 Portal achievements. It takes around 8-10 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Acquire the fully powered Aperture Science Handheld Portal Device.
Do whatever it takes to survive.
Make the correct party escort submission position decision.
Complete Portal.
Beat two Portal advanced maps.
Detach security cameras from the walls.
Earn bronze medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn silver medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn gold medals on all Portal challenges.
Beat all six Portal advanced maps.
Beat four Portal advanced maps.
..?
Jump 300 feet.
Fall 30,000 feet.
Knock down a turret with another turret.