Here is the full list of all 15 Portal achievements. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Fall 30,000 feet.
Jump 300 feet.
Earn bronze medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn silver medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn gold medals on all Portal challenges.
Detach security cameras from the walls.
Beat four Portal advanced maps.
Beat all six Portal advanced maps.
Beat two Portal advanced maps.
..?
Knock down a turret with another turret.
Complete Portal.
Make the correct party escort submission position decision.
Do whatever it takes to survive.
Acquire the fully powered Aperture Science Handheld Portal Device.