Here is the full list of all 15 Portal achievements. It takes around 8-10 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Acquire the fully powered Aperture Science Handheld Portal Device.
Make the correct party escort submission position decision.
Complete Portal.
Beat four Portal advanced maps.
Earn bronze medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn silver medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn gold medals on all Portal challenges.
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Detach security cameras from the walls.
Fall 30,000 feet.
Knock down a turret with another turret.
Jump 300 feet.
Beat all six Portal advanced maps.
Beat two Portal advanced maps.
Do whatever it takes to survive.