Here is the full list of all 15 Portal achievements. It takes around 10-12 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Do whatever it takes to survive.
Make the correct party escort submission position decision.
Knock down a turret with another turret.
Earn gold medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn bronze medals on all Portal challenges.
Earn silver medals on all Portal challenges.
Beat all six Portal advanced maps.
Beat four Portal advanced maps.
Fall 30,000 feet.
Beat two Portal advanced maps.
Jump 300 feet.
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Detach security cameras from the walls.
Complete Portal.
Acquire the fully powered Aperture Science Handheld Portal Device.