Here is the full list of all 10 Polarity achievements. It takes around 5-6 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the single player campaign
Complete all the bonus levels.
Finish the cooperative campaign.
Finish your first Cooperative level.
Collected 30 Data Fragments
Collected 60 Data Fragments.
Collected all 111 Data Fragments.
Use 10 Jump Pads in any mode.
Destroy 10 Cubes.
Die for the first time.