Here is the full list of all 38 Planet S achievements.
Set up a trade route.
Colonize a second planet.
Build your first spaceship.
Attract mechanics.
Complete your first technology.
Attract tier 2 residents.
Attract developers.
Complete the tutorial.
Attract workers.
Start a game with a friend.
Have a massive energy shortage.
Own every planet in the system.
Start a game with three friends.
Attract tier 3 residents.
Attract researchers.
Attract military technicians.
Start a war with another faction.
Reach a military score of 400.
Take over a colony.
Have an orbital flak, a defense laser and a railgun on one planet.
Attract tier 4 residents.
Attract visionaries.
Attract weapon engineers.
Research the science research tree until the end.
Fire an interplanetary laser (and hit something).
Fire an interplanetary rocket (and hit something).
Colonize a gas planet.
Win through the science path.
Win through the military path.
Buy a colony from an opponent.
Defeat an AI opponent.
Build an exo spaceship.