Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
Explode 10 enemies.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Kill 2 demons.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Kill 20 lurkers.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Make 25 headshots.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
Kill 30 nosalises.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.