Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Explode 10 enemies.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Kill a librarian.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Make 25 headshots.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Kill 20 lurkers.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Kill 2 demons.
Kill 30 nosalises.
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.