Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Kill 20 lurkers.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Kill 30 nosalises.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Explode 10 enemies.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Kill 2 demons.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Make 25 headshots.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.