Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
Kill 20 lurkers.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Explode 10 enemies.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Kill 2 demons.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Kill 30 nosalises.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Make 25 headshots.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.