Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
Make 25 headshots.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Kill 2 demons.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
Kill 20 lurkers.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Explode 10 enemies.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Kill 30 nosalises.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.