Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Kill 5 amoebas.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
Explode 10 enemies.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Kill 2 demons.
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
Make 25 headshots.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Kill 20 lurkers.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Kill 30 nosalises.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.