Here is the full list of all 48 Metro 2033 achievements. It takes around 20-25 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Kill 5 amoebas.
There is no place in metro you did not visit
Kill 5 enemies with a flamethrower.
Kill a librarian.
Make 10 deals in weapon shops.
Complete the level 'Black Station' without killing any Fascist Soldiers.
Exchange 500 Military-Grade 5.45 rounds at Exchange kiosks.
Get 50 kills with Volt Driver.
Get 25 kills with alternative fire of Volt Driver.
Save 500 military-grade rounds.
Kill 20 lurkers.
Kill 50 mutants with your knife.
Disarm 10 wire traps.
On the level 'Depot' silently kill the first guard and break into the Fascist station unnoticed.
Destroy fascists' Panzer.
Kill 15 enemies using stationary machine gun.
Make 25 headshots.
Save a group of 'Reds' from Fascist captivity.
Kill 10 enemies with throwing knives.
Complete levels 'Ghosts' and 'Anomaly' without dying.
Kill 20 enemies with the knife.
Kill 30 enemies with the double-barreled shotgun.
Find all Ranger stashes in Dead City 1 and 2
On the level 'Hunter' kill the nosalises before they break through the ventilation grilles.
Explode 10 enemies.
Blow up the tunnel and airlock at 'Cursed' station.
Kill 30 enemies using revolvers.
Kill 30 nosalises.
A coin for a hungry kid? Get a job.
What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.
Kill 30 enemies using pneumatic weapons.
On the level 'Frontline' kill all of the enemy Red Army and Fascist Soldiers.
Complete 'Frontline' level without killing anyone.
Complete level 'Armory' without getting caught.
Kill 2 demons.
Break the support and activate the chandelier in less than 20 seconds.
On the level 'Outpost' reach the radio tower and broadcast the commander's message.
Help the poor, a coin for the kid, medicine for the sick. You help everyone you see.
A true metro citizen. You know everyone and have seen everything.
Found all gold ammo, hidden throughout the stations.
Kill 30 humans with only pneumatic weapons.
Kill 50 enemies with heavy automatic shotgun.
Kill 15 enemies using sticky grenade.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Easy.
Kill at least one enemy with each weapon available in the game.
Complete the game in Ranger Mode Hardcore.