Here is the full list of all 12 Machinarium achievements. It takes around 3-4 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Escape Machinarium
Rescue Berta
Repair the brain
Disable the bomb
Win all console games
Flood the Blackhats
Win the tic-tac-toe game
Help the musicians
Bring the dog to the lady
Free yourself and jail mates
Enter Machinarium
Escape the scrapyard