Here is the full list of all 12 Machinarium achievements. It takes around 3-4 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Rescue Berta
Escape Machinarium
Repair the brain
Disable the bomb
Win all console games
Help the musicians
Flood the Blackhats
Win the tic-tac-toe game
Bring the dog to the lady
Free yourself and jail mates
Enter Machinarium
Escape the scrapyard