Here is the full list of all 12 Machinarium achievements. It takes around 3-4 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Escape Machinarium
Repair the brain
Rescue Berta
Disable the bomb
Win all console games
Flood the Blackhats
Help the musicians
Bring the dog to the lady
Win the tic-tac-toe game
Free yourself and jail mates
Enter Machinarium
Escape the scrapyard